India’s National Security Doctrine 2024: A Vital Framework for the Nation’s Secure Future

India’s National Security Doctrine (NSD) is an essential element in shaping the nation’s strategic landscape. The need for a comprehensive NSD has been long acknowledged, yet its formulation has remained elusive. The development of this doctrine is not merely a bureaucratic exercise but a crucial step towards securing the country’s interests in a rapidly changing global environment.

The current discussions on national security revolve around key figures such as National Security Adviser Ajit Doval, former R&AW chief Rajinder Khanna, and other influential policymakers. Despite their significant contributions, a formal NSD that encapsulates India’s strategic intent has yet to be articulated.

The National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS), established 25 years ago, has the resources and expertise to draft this vital document. The NSCS has already initiated steps by seeking inputs from various sectors, aiming to create a public document that outlines India’s strategic vision and foundational security policy through India’s National Security Doctrine. This effort mirrors the practices of countries like the US, UK, France, Germany, Australia, China, and Pakistan, all of which have established national security doctrines.

What is a National Security Doctrine?

A national security doctrine defines a country’s approach to safeguarding its interests, identifying threats, and outlining strategies to address them. For instance, the United States’ national security policy explicitly states its position as the world’s leading power, emphasizing its economic, military, and diplomatic strengths. This policy reflects a bipartisan consensus and a clear strategic intent to counter autocratic regimes like China and Russia while strengthening global alliances.

China’s comprehensive national security document emphasizes the Communist Party of China’s (CPC) role in maintaining political, territorial, military, economic, cultural, social, technological, informational, ecological, resource, and nuclear security. This document underscores the CPC’s dominance and its integration of various governance organs to ensure national stability and growth.

Pakistan’s national security paper, heavily focused on its relationship with India, also highlights its strategic location and internal challenges. It emphasizes gender equality, human security, and demographic dividends, drawing on global perspectives but maintaining a focus on its national priorities.

The Urgency of India’s National Security Doctrine

India’s NSD is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it would compel the government to undertake a comprehensive strategic assessment of the country’s threats and opportunities. This includes evaluating India’s short, medium, and long-term interests in energy and food security, as well as relations with key global players like China, Russia, the US, NATO, and neighboring countries. Recognizing the interconnected nature of issues like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), the Line of Actual Control (LAC), and the Line of Control (LOC) is vital for a cohesive strategy.

Secondly, an NSD provides a framework for long-term planning regarding borders and coastlines. It addresses questions about naval capabilities, protection of sea lanes, and the role of alliances like the Quad. Such planning ensures that India can secure its expanding interests, deter adversaries, and develop necessary military and international partnerships.

Thirdly, a strategic doctrine helps allocate resources within the defense forces more effectively. It offers a top-down mandate for the Integrated Defence Staff and future joint organizations to align their efforts towards common goals. This alignment ensures better coordination among various national security agencies, including the ministries of Defence, External Affairs, Home Affairs, and intelligence agencies.

Fourthly, the NSD sends clear signals to nations and non-state actors involved in terrorism, drug trafficking, cybercrime, and money laundering. It establishes India’s stance on following financial and drug trails, punishing operatives and handlers, and countering any form of terrorism. This clarity in strategic intent reinforces India’s commitment to its security and its role as a security provider in the Indian Ocean region.

Finally, the NSD ensures that India’s leadership across bureaucratic, diplomatic, academic, corporate, and military sectors is unified under a policy approved by Parliament. This alignment is crucial for maintaining a coherent and effective national security strategy.

The Role of Public Debate

The formulation of India’s NSD should not be confined to a few think tanks and policy groups but should be debated in Parliament and the public domain. Such a debate ensures transparency and accountability, allowing citizens to understand and engage with the government’s plans for safeguarding national security. An informed citizenry is a responsible citizenry, and public debate on the NSD encourages political parties and state governments to factor in diverse perspectives and concerns.

Conclusion

India’s National Security Doctrine is not just a policy document but a strategic necessity. Its formulation and public debate are crucial for addressing the country’s security challenges in a dynamic global environment. By undertaking a comprehensive strategic assessment, planning for long-term security, allocating resources effectively, and ensuring public engagement, India can develop a robust NSD that safeguards its national interests and strengthens its position on the global stage. The journey towards a well-defined NSD is essential for Viksit Bharat, ensuring a secure and prosperous future for the nation.